diff --git a/scripts/app/containers/adguard/adguard_auth.sh b/scripts/app/containers/adguard/adguard_auth.sh
index 2882f56..7d338e0 100644
--- a/scripts/app/containers/adguard/adguard_auth.sh
+++ b/scripts/app/containers/adguard/adguard_auth.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ authAdapter_adguard_setPassword() {
     fi
 
     local bcrypt
-    bcrypt=$(sudo htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$password" | tr -d ':\n')
+    bcrypt=$(htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$password" | tr -d ':\n')
     [[ -z "$bcrypt" ]] && { isError "bcrypt failed."; return 1; }
 
     local tmp
diff --git a/scripts/app/containers/focalboard/focalboard_auth.sh b/scripts/app/containers/focalboard/focalboard_auth.sh
index ee731f8..5da5321 100644
--- a/scripts/app/containers/focalboard/focalboard_auth.sh
+++ b/scripts/app/containers/focalboard/focalboard_auth.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ _focalboardBcrypt() {
     if ! command -v htpasswd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         isError "htpasswd is required to bcrypt the password."; return 1
     fi
-    sudo htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$1" | tr -d ':\n'
+    htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$1" | tr -d ':\n'
 }
 
 authAdapter_focalboard_setPassword() {
diff --git a/scripts/app/containers/invidious/invidious_auth.sh b/scripts/app/containers/invidious/invidious_auth.sh
index f84ed1a..d002208 100644
--- a/scripts/app/containers/invidious/invidious_auth.sh
+++ b/scripts/app/containers/invidious/invidious_auth.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ _invidiousBcrypt() {
     if ! command -v htpasswd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         isError "htpasswd is required to bcrypt the password."; return 1
     fi
-    sudo htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$1" | tr -d ':\n'
+    htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$1" | tr -d ':\n'
 }
 
 authAdapter_invidious_setPassword() {
diff --git a/scripts/config/password/password_hash.sh b/scripts/config/password/password_hash.sh
index bd2acb5..a701397 100755
--- a/scripts/config/password/password_hash.sh
+++ b/scripts/config/password/password_hash.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ hashPassword()
     # htpasswd first (local, instant). docker fallback pulls a ~50MB image.
     if command -v htpasswd &>/dev/null; then
         local bcrypt_hash
-        bcrypt_hash=$(sudo htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$password" | tr -d ':\n')
+        bcrypt_hash=$(htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$password" | tr -d ':\n')
         if [[ -n "$bcrypt_hash" ]]; then
             bcrypt_hash=$(echo "$bcrypt_hash" | awk -F= '{print $NF}')
             local escaped_hash