From 0b27ed10729a4ac8daace1d9ee0b82da96bd98e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: librelad <librelad@digitalangels.vip>
Date: Sun, 24 May 2026 18:01:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] refactor(desudo): funnel backup-engine privilege drop through
 runBackupOp

The borg/restic/kopia engines all dropped to the dedicated backup user
via scattered 'sudo -E -u $docker_install_user'. Centralize that into a
single runBackupOp helper so the backup subsystem has one audit point and
the scoped sudoers needs only the (dockerinstall) drop rule.

Also:
- owncloud config heredoc tees -> runSystem (container-UID file)
- webui_display_logins: fix the broken 'command -v sudo sqlite3' guard
  to 'command -v sqlite3' (body already runs sqlite3 via runInstallOp)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: librelad <librelad@digitalangels.vip>
---
 scripts/app/containers/owncloud/owncloud_setup_config.sh | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/app/backup_app_delete.sh                  | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_backup.sh                     | 2 +-
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_check.sh                      | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_forget.sh                     | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_init.sh                       | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_restore.sh                    | 8 ++++----
 scripts/backup/engine/borg_snapshots.sh                  | 6 +++---
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_backup.sh                    | 2 +-
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_check.sh                     | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_forget.sh                    | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_init.sh                      | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_restore.sh                   | 6 +++---
 scripts/backup/engine/kopia_snapshots.sh                 | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_backup.sh                   | 2 +-
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_check.sh                    | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_dump.sh                     | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_forget.sh                   | 2 +-
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_init.sh                     | 4 ++--
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_restore.sh                  | 2 +-
 scripts/backup/engine/restic_snapshots.sh                | 6 +++---
 scripts/docker/command/run_privileged.sh                 | 9 +++++++++
 scripts/webui/webui_display_logins.sh                    | 2 +-
 23 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/app/containers/owncloud/owncloud_setup_config.sh b/scripts/app/containers/owncloud/owncloud_setup_config.sh
index e3bee54..839822f 100755
--- a/scripts/app/containers/owncloud/owncloud_setup_config.sh
+++ b/scripts/app/containers/owncloud/owncloud_setup_config.sh
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ appOwnCloudSetupConfig()
 
 if [[ $public == "true" ]]; then
 # Add new lines at the end of the file
-sudo tee -a "$tmp_awk_output" > /dev/null <<EOL
+runSystem tee -a "$tmp_awk_output" > /dev/null <<EOL
 'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://$host_setup/',
 'Overwriteprotocol' => 'https',
 'trusted_domains' =>
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ EOL
 checkSuccess "Add overwrite and trusted_domain (public) lines to the config"
 elif [[ $public == "false" ]]; then
 # Add new lines at the end of the file
-sudo tee -a "$tmp_awk_output" > /dev/null <<EOL
+runSystem tee -a "$tmp_awk_output" > /dev/null <<EOL
 'trusted_domains' =>
 array(
     0 => '$ip_setup',
diff --git a/scripts/backup/app/backup_app_delete.sh b/scripts/backup/app/backup_app_delete.sh
index 58317dc..5106eb0 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/app/backup_app_delete.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/app/backup_app_delete.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ backupAppDeleteSnapshot()
     fi
 
     resticEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic forget "$snapshot_id" $([[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" ]] && echo "--prune")
+    runBackupOp restic forget "$snapshot_id" $([[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" ]] && echo "--prune")
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ backupAppDeleteAll()
             continue
         fi
         resticEnvExport "$idx" || continue
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic forget --tag "app=$app_name" $([[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" ]] && echo "--prune")
+        runBackupOp restic forget --tag "app=$app_name" $([[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" ]] && echo "--prune")
         resticEnvUnset
     done < <(resticEnabledLocations)
 }
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_backup.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_backup.sh
index c63334f..d318b85 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_backup.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_backup.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ borgBackupAppToLocation()
     # Logs to stderr; stdout is only the archive name for the caller's $().
     isNotice "Snapshotting $app_name → $loc_name (archive: $archive)" >&2
 
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg create \
+    runBackupOp borg create \
         --comment "$comment" \
         --compression auto,zstd \
         "${exclude_args[@]}" \
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_check.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_check.sh
index 18f1fa9..dc56e58 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_check.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_check.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ borgCheckLocation()
     fi
 
     isNotice "Checking $(resticLocationName "$idx")${read_data:+ (full data verify)}"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp borg "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
     borgEnvUnset
     if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ borgLocationStats()
     local idx="$1"
     borgEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     local raw
-    raw=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg info --json 2>/dev/null)
+    raw=$(runBackupOp borg info --json 2>/dev/null)
     borgEnvUnset
     [[ -z "$raw" ]] && { echo '{"total_size":0,"total_file_count":0}'; return 0; }
 
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_forget.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_forget.sh
index d0aed88..5ec7d1e 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_forget.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_forget.sh
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ borgForgetApp()
     [[ -n "$keep_yearly"  ]] && args+=(--keep-yearly  "$keep_yearly")
 
     isNotice "Applying retention for $app_name on $(resticLocationName "$idx")"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp borg "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
 
     if [[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" && $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg compact
+        runBackupOp borg compact
     fi
 
     borgEnvUnset
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_init.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_init.sh
index 43414e9..957fda9 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_init.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_init.sh
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ borgInitLocation()
         runFileOp chown -R "$docker_install_user":"$docker_install_user" "$BORG_REPO"
     fi
 
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg info "$BORG_REPO" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if runBackupOp borg info "$BORG_REPO" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         isNotice "$(resticLocationName "$idx") already initialized at $BORG_REPO"
         borgEnvUnset
         return 0
     fi
 
     isNotice "Initializing $(resticLocationName "$idx") at $BORG_REPO"
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg init --encryption=repokey-blake2 "$BORG_REPO"; then
+    if runBackupOp borg init --encryption=repokey-blake2 "$BORG_REPO"; then
         isSuccessful "$(resticLocationName "$idx") initialized"
     else
         isError "Failed to initialize $(resticLocationName "$idx")"
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_restore.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_restore.sh
index 0af5b25..31bd77b 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_restore.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_restore.sh
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ borgRestoreSnapshot()
     local rc
     if [[ -n "$include_path" ]]; then
         local stripped="${include_path#/}"
-        ( cd "$target_dir" && sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg extract "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped" )
+        ( cd "$target_dir" && runBackupOp borg extract "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped" )
         rc=$?
     else
-        ( cd "$target_dir" && sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg extract "::$snapshot_id" )
+        ( cd "$target_dir" && runBackupOp borg extract "::$snapshot_id" )
         rc=$?
     fi
     borgEnvUnset
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ borgDumpFile()
     borgEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     local stripped="${file_path#/}"
     if [[ -n "$target_file" ]]; then
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg extract --stdout "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped" | runFileWrite "$target_file"
+        runBackupOp borg extract --stdout "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped" | runFileWrite "$target_file"
     else
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg extract --stdout "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped"
+        runBackupOp borg extract --stdout "::$snapshot_id" "$stripped"
     fi
     local rc=$?
     borgEnvUnset
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_snapshots.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_snapshots.sh
index b091e35..23c6068 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/borg_snapshots.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/borg_snapshots.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ borgSnapshotsJson()
     fi
 
     local raw
-    raw=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null)
+    raw=$(runBackupOp borg "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null)
     local rc=$?
     borgEnvUnset
     [[ $rc -ne 0 || -z "$raw" ]] && { echo "[]"; return $rc; }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ borgSnapshotLatestId()
 
     borgEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     local id
-    id=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg list --json --glob-archives "${app_name}-${host}-*" --last 1 2>/dev/null \
+    id=$(runBackupOp borg list --json --glob-archives "${app_name}-${host}-*" --last 1 2>/dev/null \
         | grep -o '"name":"[^"]*"' | head -1 | cut -d'"' -f4)
     borgEnvUnset
     echo "$id"
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ borgSnapshotListFiles()
     local idx="$1"
     local snapshot_id="$2"
     borgEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" borg list --json-lines "::$snapshot_id" 2>/dev/null
+    runBackupOp borg list --json-lines "::$snapshot_id" 2>/dev/null
     local rc=$?
     borgEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_backup.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_backup.sh
index b5bc23e..f414cb6 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_backup.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_backup.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ kopiaBackupAppToLocation()
     fi
 
     local output
-    output=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia snapshot create "$source_path" "${tags[@]}" --json 2>&1)
+    output=$(runBackupOp kopia snapshot create "$source_path" "${tags[@]}" --json 2>&1)
     local rc=$?
 
     [[ "$wrote_ignore" == true ]] && runFileOp rm -f "$ignore_file"
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_check.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_check.sh
index 83ee17f..f6635a2 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_check.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_check.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ kopiaCheckLocation()
     fi
 
     isNotice "Checking $(resticLocationName "$idx") with Kopia${read_data:+ (data sample: ${read_data}%)}"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp kopia "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
     if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ kopiaLocationStats()
     local idx="$1"
     kopiaEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     local raw
-    raw=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia repository status --json 2>/dev/null)
+    raw=$(runBackupOp kopia repository status --json 2>/dev/null)
     kopiaEnvUnset
     [[ -z "$raw" ]] && { echo '{"total_size":0,"total_file_count":0}'; return 0; }
 
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_forget.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_forget.sh
index e3ff072..5aa8e86 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_forget.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_forget.sh
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ kopiaForgetApp()
     [[ -n "$keep_monthly" ]] && policy_args+=(--keep-monthly "$keep_monthly")
     [[ -n "$keep_yearly"  ]] && policy_args+=(--keep-annual "$keep_yearly")
 
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia "${policy_args[@]}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    runBackupOp kopia "${policy_args[@]}" >/dev/null 2>&1
 
     isNotice "Running Kopia maintenance for $app_name on $(resticLocationName "$idx")"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia maintenance run --full
+    runBackupOp kopia maintenance run --full
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_init.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_init.sh
index 249dcff..6073b57 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_init.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_init.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ kopiaInitLocation()
 
     # Already initialized? `kopia repository status` returns 0 only if the
     # config file is connected to a repo.
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia repository status --json >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if runBackupOp kopia repository status --json >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         isNotice "$(resticLocationName "$idx") already initialized"
         kopiaEnvUnset
         return 0
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ kopiaInitLocation()
     esac
 
     isNotice "Initializing $(resticLocationName "$idx") with Kopia"
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia "${args[@]}"; then
+    if runBackupOp kopia "${args[@]}"; then
         isSuccessful "$(resticLocationName "$idx") initialized"
     else
         isError "Failed to initialize $(resticLocationName "$idx") with Kopia"
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_restore.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_restore.sh
index efb33b0..f4616db 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_restore.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_restore.sh
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ kopiaRestoreSnapshot()
         final_target="$target_dir/${include_path#/}"
         runFileOp mkdir -p "$final_target"
     fi
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia snapshot restore "$snapshot_id" "$final_target"
+    runBackupOp kopia snapshot restore "$snapshot_id" "$final_target"
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
     return $rc
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ kopiaDumpFile()
     kopiaEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     # `kopia show` writes the file contents from a snapshot to stdout.
     if [[ -n "$target_file" ]]; then
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia show "${snapshot_id}:${file_path}" | sudo tee "$target_file" >/dev/null
+        runBackupOp kopia show "${snapshot_id}:${file_path}" | sudo tee "$target_file" >/dev/null
     else
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia show "${snapshot_id}:${file_path}"
+        runBackupOp kopia show "${snapshot_id}:${file_path}"
     fi
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_snapshots.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_snapshots.sh
index 2b2042c..2efd8b0 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_snapshots.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/kopia_snapshots.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ kopiaSnapshotsJson()
     local args=(snapshot list --all --json)
 
     local raw
-    raw=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null)
+    raw=$(runBackupOp kopia "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null)
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
     [[ $rc -ne 0 || -z "$raw" ]] && { echo "[]"; return $rc; }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ kopiaSnapshotListFiles()
     local idx="$1"
     local snapshot_id="$2"
     kopiaEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" kopia snapshot list "$snapshot_id" --json 2>/dev/null
+    runBackupOp kopia snapshot list "$snapshot_id" --json 2>/dev/null
     local rc=$?
     kopiaEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_backup.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_backup.sh
index 248bfeb..409d14b 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_backup.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_backup.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ resticBackupAppToLocation()
     # the caller captures it with $() and feeds it to verify/retention.
     isNotice "Snapshotting $app_name → $loc_name" >&2
     local output
-    output=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic backup \
+    output=$(runBackupOp restic backup \
         --host "$host_tag" \
         "${extra_tags[@]}" \
         "${exclude_args[@]}" \
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_check.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_check.sh
index b2b70aa..f6e43b0 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_check.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_check.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ resticCheckLocation()
     fi
 
     isNotice "Checking $(resticLocationName "$idx")${read_data:+ (sample: ${read_data}%)}"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp restic "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ resticLocationStats()
 {
     local idx="$1"
     resticEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic stats --json --no-lock 2>/dev/null
+    runBackupOp restic stats --json --no-lock 2>/dev/null
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_dump.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_dump.sh
index 66d1908..92948ca 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_dump.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_dump.sh
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ resticDumpFile()
     resticEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
 
     if [[ -n "$target_file" ]]; then
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic dump "$snapshot_id" "$file_path" | sudo tee "$target_file" >/dev/null
+        runBackupOp restic dump "$snapshot_id" "$file_path" | sudo tee "$target_file" >/dev/null
     else
-        sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic dump "$snapshot_id" "$file_path"
+        runBackupOp restic dump "$snapshot_id" "$file_path"
     fi
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_forget.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_forget.sh
index 0a79132..3114007 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_forget.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_forget.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ resticForgetApp()
     [[ "$CFG_BACKUP_PRUNE_AFTER_FORGET" == "true" ]] && args+=(--prune)
 
     isNotice "Applying retention for $app_name on $(resticLocationName "$idx")"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp restic "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_init.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_init.sh
index 06029b3..a84a051 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_init.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_init.sh
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ resticInitLocation()
         runFileOp chown -R "$docker_install_user":"$docker_install_user" "$RESTIC_REPOSITORY"
     fi
 
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic snapshots --json --no-lock >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if runBackupOp restic snapshots --json --no-lock >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         isNotice "$(resticLocationName "$idx") already initialized at $RESTIC_REPOSITORY"
         resticEnvUnset
         return 0
     fi
 
     isNotice "Initializing $(resticLocationName "$idx") at $RESTIC_REPOSITORY"
-    if sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic init; then
+    if runBackupOp restic init; then
         isSuccessful "$(resticLocationName "$idx") initialized"
     else
         isError "Failed to initialize $(resticLocationName "$idx")"
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_restore.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_restore.sh
index f1dde74..759fdf1 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_restore.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_restore.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ resticRestoreSnapshot()
     [[ -n "$include_path" ]] && args+=(--include "$include_path")
 
     isNotice "Restoring ${snapshot_id:0:8} from $(resticLocationName "$idx") → $target_dir"
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic "${args[@]}"
+    runBackupOp restic "${args[@]}"
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_snapshots.sh b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_snapshots.sh
index 556eaa4..f0d262d 100644
--- a/scripts/backup/engine/restic_snapshots.sh
+++ b/scripts/backup/engine/restic_snapshots.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ resticSnapshotsJson()
     [[ -n "$app_filter" ]]  && args+=(--tag "app=$app_filter")
     [[ -n "$host_filter" ]] && args+=(--host "$host_filter")
 
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null
+    runBackupOp restic "${args[@]}" 2>/dev/null
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     return $rc
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ resticSnapshotLatestId()
 
     resticEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
     local id
-    id=$(sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic snapshots \
+    id=$(runBackupOp restic snapshots \
         --tag "app=$app_name" --host "$host" \
         --latest 1 --json --no-lock 2>/dev/null | \
         grep -o '"short_id":"[^"]*"' | head -1 | cut -d'"' -f4)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ resticSnapshotListFiles()
     local snapshot_id="$2"
 
     resticEnvExport "$idx" || return 1
-    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" restic ls --json --no-lock "$snapshot_id" 2>/dev/null
+    runBackupOp restic ls --json --no-lock "$snapshot_id" 2>/dev/null
     local rc=$?
     resticEnvUnset
     return $rc
diff --git a/scripts/docker/command/run_privileged.sh b/scripts/docker/command/run_privileged.sh
index 787de61..1cf5224 100644
--- a/scripts/docker/command/run_privileged.sh
+++ b/scripts/docker/command/run_privileged.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,15 @@ runInstallWrite() {
     runAsManager tee "${append_flag[@]}" "$dest" >/dev/null
 }
 
+# Backup-engine command (borg/restic/kopia) run AS the dedicated backup user
+# ($docker_install_user), with the environment preserved (-E) so the repo
+# password and BORG_/RESTIC_/KOPIA_ env vars reach the tool. Never root — the
+# scoped sudoers lets the manager drop to this user. Single funnel so the
+# backup subsystem's privilege drop has one audit point.
+runBackupOp() {
+    sudo -E -u "$docker_install_user" "$@"
+}
+
 # Genuine system-administration command (ufw/systemctl/apt/sysctl/useradd, /etc
 # edits). Needs real root in both modes; funnelled through one place so it can
 # later be confined to a scoped sudoers allowlist.
diff --git a/scripts/webui/webui_display_logins.sh b/scripts/webui/webui_display_logins.sh
index afae0f4..27ee75d 100755
--- a/scripts/webui/webui_display_logins.sh
+++ b/scripts/webui/webui_display_logins.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ getLibrePortalWebUIUrls()
     local db_file="${db_file:-database.db}"
 
     # Check if sqlite3 is available and database exists
-    if command -v sudo sqlite3 &> /dev/null && [ -f "$docker_dir/$db_file" ]; then
+    if command -v sqlite3 &> /dev/null && [ -f "$docker_dir/$db_file" ]; then
         # Check if LibrePortal app is installed
         local libreportal_check=$(runInstallOp sqlite3 "$docker_dir/$db_file" "SELECT name FROM apps WHERE name = 'libreportal' AND status = 1;" 2>/dev/null)